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On 16 August 1823, Tsar Alexander I signed a secret manifesto, naming his younger brother Nicholas as the heir to the throne. Not even Nicholas himself knew of the existence of this document. The res...
On the night of 17/18 November 1830, a group of Polish cadets revolted and captured the city of Warsaw. On 13 January 1831, the Polish parliament passed an act deposing Nicholas I as king of Poland. ...