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Studied at Fyodor Burov’s Classes of Painting and Drawing in Samara (early 1890s), Baron Stieglitz Central School of Technical Drawing in St Petersburg (1895), Riga Polytechnic Institute and Benjamin Blum’s School of Drawing and Painting in Riga (1896–1903), at the department of architecture (1903–04) and under Alexander Kiselyov and Nikolai Dubovskoi at the department of painting of the Imperial Academy of Arts (1905–11). Drew caricatures for various journals (1905–06). Fellow of the Imperial Academy of Arts in Italy (1911–13). Member of the Arkhip Kuinji Society (from 1910), Jewish Society for the Encouragement of the Arts (from 1916) and the Society of Travelling Art Exhibitions (from 1917). Emigrated to Italy (1924), settled in Berlin (1928). Visited Palestine (1934–35) and London (1935). Interned as a Soviet citizen and forced to remain in Berlin throughout the Second World War (1939–45). Contributed to exhibitions (from 1905). Contributed to the spring exhibitions of the Imperial Academy of Arts (1905–17) and the exhibitions of the Society of Russian Watercolourists in Moscow (1906, 1910) and St Petersburg (1907, 1908, 1911), Moscow Society of Lovers of the Arts (1908), Society of Travelling Art Exhibitions (1912, 1914, 1916–18, 1922), Fellowship of Independents (1916), First State Free Exhibition of Works of Art (1919), Community of Artists (1921, 1922), Internationale Kunst-Ausstellung at the Glaspalast in Munich (1911) and the exhibitions of Russian art in The Hague (1924), Pittsburgh (1925), Cologne (1929) and Berlin (1930). One-man shows in Moscow, Riga, Berlin, Hamburg, Munich, Cologne, Dresden, Rome, Copenhagen, The Hague and London.